He aha ke kaulahao hōʻailona 5G NR Wave?

Hāʻawi nā hōʻailona nalu millimeter i ka bandwidth ākea a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻikepili ma mua o nā hōʻailona alapine haʻahaʻa. E nānā i ke kaulahao hōʻailona holoʻokoʻa ma waena o ka antenna a me ka baseband digital.
Hoʻohui ka lekiō 5G hou (5G NR) i nā alapine nalu millimeter i nā polokalamu kelepona a me nā pūnaewele. Me kēia e hele mai ana kahi kaulahao hōʻailona RF-to-baseband a me nā ʻāpana i koi ʻole ʻia no nā alapine ma lalo o 6 GHz. ʻOiai ʻo nā alapine hawewe millimeter ka lōʻihi mai ka 30 a 300 GHz, no nā kumu 5G mai 24 a 90 GHz, akā maʻamau ka piʻi ma kahi o 53 GHz. Ua manaʻo mua ʻia nā noi hawewe millimeter e hāʻawi i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻikepili i nā kelepona ma nā kūlanakauhale, akā ua neʻe ʻia i nā hihia hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kahua pāʻani. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā lawelawe pūnaewele pili kelepona paʻa (FWA) a me nā pūnaewele pilikino.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o 5G mmWave ʻO ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o 5G mmWave hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili nui (10 Gbps) me ka bandwidth channel a hiki i ka 2 GHz (ʻaʻohe hui lawe. Ua kūpono kēia hiʻohiʻona no nā pūnaewele me nā pono hoʻoili ʻikepili nui. Hiki i ka 5G NR ke hiki i ka latency haʻahaʻa ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻikepili ma waena o ka 5G radio access network and the network core. Loaʻa i nā pūnaewele LTE kahi latency o 100 milliseconds, aʻo nā pūnaewele 5G he latency o 1 milliseconds wale nō.
He aha ka mea i loko o ke kaulahao hōʻailona mmWave? Ua wehewehe ʻia ka radio frequency interface (RFFE) i nā mea āpau ma waena o ka antenna a me ka ʻōnaehana kikohoʻe baseband. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ʻo RFFE ma ke ʻano he analog-to-digital hapa o kahi mea hoʻokipa a mea hoʻouna paha. Hōʻike ka Figure 1 i kahi hoʻolālā i kapa ʻia ka hoʻololi pololei (zero IF), kahi e hana pololei ai ka mea hoʻololi ʻikepili ma ka hōʻailona RF.
Kiʻi 1. Ke hoʻohana nei kēia 5G mmWave hōʻailona kaulahao hoʻokomo i ka hoʻohālikelike RF pololei; ʻAʻohe mea hoʻohuli (Kiʻi: wehewehe pōkole).
ʻO ke kaulahao hōʻailona hawewe millimeter he RF ADC, RF DAC, kahi kānana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi hoʻonui mana (PA), nā mea hoʻololi i lalo a piʻi i luna, kahi kānana RF, kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LNA), a me kahi mea hana uaki kikohoʻe ( CLK). Hāʻawi ʻia kahi oscillator i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pae / volte controlled oscillator (PLL/VCO) i ka oscillator kūloko (LO) no nā mea hoʻololi i luna a i lalo. Hoʻopili nā hoʻololi (hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2) i ka antenna i ka hōʻailona e loaʻa a i ʻole kaapuni hoʻouna. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia he IC beamforming (BFIC), ʻike ʻia hoʻi he crystal array phased a i ʻole beamformer. Loaʻa i ka BFIC ka hōʻailona mai ka upconverter a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i nā kaha he nui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi māhele kūʻokoʻa a loaʻa nā mana ma kēlā me kēia kahawai no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka beam.
I ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano loaʻa, e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanal ka pae kūʻokoʻa a loaʻa nā mana. Ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka downconverter, loaʻa iā ia ka hōʻailona a hoʻouna iā ia ma o ka ADC. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao mua kahi mea hoʻonui mana i kūkulu ʻia, LNA a ma hope he hoʻololi. Hiki iā RFFE iā PA a i ʻole LNA ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻouna a i ʻole ke ʻano loaʻa.
Hōʻike ʻo Transceiver Figure 2 i kahi laʻana o kahi transceiver RF e hoʻohana ana i kahi papa IF ma waena o ka baseband a me ka 24.25-29.5 GHz millimeter wave band. Ke hoʻohana nei kēia hale hana i ka 3.5 GHz e like me ka IF paʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻenehana uila 5G e pōmaikaʻi nui i nā mea lawelawe a me nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻO nā mākeke nui i lawelawe ʻia ʻo ia nā modula broadband cellular a me nā modula kamaʻilio 5G e hiki ai i ka Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT). Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i ka hiʻohiʻona hawewe millimeter o 5G. Ma nā ʻatikala e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau mākou i ke kūkākūkā ʻana i kēia kumuhana a nānā i nā kikoʻī hou aku i nā mea like ʻole o ke kaulahao hōʻailona 5G mmWave.
Hāʻawi ʻo Suzhou Cowin i nā ʻano RF 5G 4G LTE 3G 2G GSM GPRS cellular antenna, a me ke kākoʻo e hoʻopau i ke kumu antenna hana maikaʻi loa ma kāu hāmeʻa me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hōʻike hoʻāʻo antenna piha, e like me VSWR, loaʻa, kūpono a me 3D radiation pattern.